Mattress Support Layers Explained: A DIY Guide
When you’re building your own mattress, the smartest place to start is the support layer (not the comfort layer, and not the cover).
The support layer is the bedrock of the entire mattress: this layer is arguably the most important decision you’ll make in your DIY mattress build.
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Introduction: It All Starts from the Bottom
Before you start dreaming about cozy comfort foams or that perfect organic zippered cover, you’ve got to get the foundation right. Literally.
It’s what keeps your spine aligned, your comfort layers performing their best, and your mattress from sagging into a puddle of regret after a few months.
And that’s why we’re starting here.
In this Support Layers Guide, we’ll walk you through:
Choosing the right support layer is key to creating a mattress that is balanced, durable, and, most importantly, comfortable for years to come.
What is a mattress support layer?
A mattress’s support layer is the bottom layer of a mattress, typically ranging in height from 4 to 8 inches. It is the foundation of the mattress.
A mattress consists of:
The support layer sets the tone.
Everything else builds on top of this layer. Once you know what’s holding you up (your support layer), choosing the right comfort layer or layers and then the right zippered cover becomes much easier.
There are four primary types of support layers: pocketed coils, latex foam, and polyurethane foam. There are also a few less common options to consider, including airfoam, compressed cotton, and wool.
Mattress Support Layer 101:
What It Does & Why It Matters
A mattress support layer is the strong, stable structure that ensures everything above it works properly. Without a solid support layer, even the softest, fanciest comfort foam can feel like a disappointment.
How Is It Different from a Comfort Layer?
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|
🛏️ |
Support Layer
|
Comfort Layer
|
|---|---|---|
|
Location |
Bottom of the mattress |
Top of the mattress |
|
Firmness |
Usually firm or very firm (unless for kids or very lightweight sleepers – then med-firm is ok) |
Medium to soft (sometimes plush) |
|
Function |
Provides structure and alignment |
Provides pressure relief and softness |
|
Materials |
Coils, firm foams, dense fiber mats |
Latex, memory foam, polyfoam, wool, microcoils |
|
Replaced Often? |
Rarely, built to last |
Yes, comfort layers break down sooner and get swapped out more frequently |
What Does Good Support Feel Like?
When your support layer is doing its job, here’s what you’ll notice:
If you’re waking up sore, stiff, or like you’ve been wrestling your bed overnight… your support layer may be the problem, not your comfort layers.
Your DIY Options: The Big 3 Support Layer Categories
When it comes to your mattress, the support layer is vital, so it pays to get this choice right. DIYers have three excellent categories to choose from, and each offers its own strengths depending on your body, budget, and preferences.
1. Pocketed Coil Units
If you’ve ever heard the term ‘hybrid mattress,’ this is the ‘support’ part of that equation.
Pocketed coils (also called encased coils or fabric-wrapped springs) are one of the most popular and frankly, best support options for DIY mattress makers.
Each spring is individually wrapped in its own fabric pocket, allowing it to move independently from its neighbors.
Why DIYers ❤️ Pocketed Coils
⚠️ Things to Watch For
Recommended Brands
We’ve got great pocketed coil choices:
Want help choosing between them? We’ve got a full breakdown for you here: Coil Comparison: Leggett & Platt vs. Texas Pocket Springs
2. Firm (or Very Firm) Foams
Don’t be fooled by the word ‘foam’. We’re not talking about cushy comfort layers here.
We’re talking firm support layers made of either high-density polyurethane foam (polyfoam) or natural latex foam.
These foams act as a solid platform for the comfort layers above them. They’re especially useful in:
Why DIYers Use Firm Foams
👀 What to look for:
⚠️ Things to Watch Out For
3. Fiber Mats (Wool or Cotton)
Looking for something chemical-free, ultra-breathable, and rooted in centuries-old mattress tradition?
Fiber mats (like wool or cotton batting) can be used as the base layer in a surprisingly supportive build.
These materials compress over time but offer a firm, slightly springy feel (especially wool).
You’ll find them in handmade mattresses, organic futons, and minimal builds where natural materials are the priority.
Pro Tip: Fiber support layers pair beautifully with latex, shredded latex, and/or soft wool toppers. Consider this combo if you want a plush top feel with a supportive, breathable base underneath.
Comparing Benefits: Coils vs. Foams vs. Wool
Airflow
Pocketed coils and latex foam promote airflow, which is crucial for those who sleep hot. Polyfoam tends to retain more heat, and while wool is good at temperature regulation, it doesn’t offer the same level of breathability as coils or latex.
Bounce vs. Motion Transfer
Pocketed coils provide bounce and ease of movement while effectively limiting motion transfer. In contrast, latex and polyfoam offer a balance between contouring support and minimal motion transfer, with latex being slightly bouncier. Wool mats, while supportive, offer minimal bounce and excel in motion isolation.
Support vs Firmness
It’s worth noting that most available pocketed coil options are generally considered firm. Side sleepers, particularly those with a BMI under 30, will certainly want to consider soft or even plush (super soft) comfort layers to balance out the relative firmness of pocketed coils if they choose them as their support layer. (And that is not to dissuade side-sleepers from using pocketed coils. Many do and love them, just keep their firmness in mind when planning your comfort layers.)
Deeper Dive: Mattress Support Layers
It may seem like a lot to learn, but it’s not really much more than the education you’d want to give yourself before buying a mattress from the store. And remember, mattresses are not complex.
They just aren’t.
Support layers are limited in options, so it’s a great place to start.
Pocketed Coil Units
Pocketed coils, also known as individually wrapped coils, offer targeted support by independently reacting to pressure. This design minimizes motion transfer, making it an excellent choice for couples.
Pocketed coils are also known for their durability and airflow, which helps in maintaining a cooler sleep surface. The springy bounce provided by these coils is preferred by those who like a bit of lift in their mattress, facilitating easier movement.
Latex Foam
Latex foam is celebrated for its responsive, contouring support and natural breathability.
Derived from the sap of rubber trees, it provides a buoyant feel that is firmer than memory foam but softer than innerspring coils. Latex is hypoallergenic, eco-friendly, and durable, making it a favored choice for environmentally conscious consumers. Its open-cell structure promotes excellent air circulation, reducing heat retention.
Polyfoam
Polyurethane foam, or polyfoam, is a versatile material that can be crafted to offer a range of firmness levels. It provides a supportive base that adapts to body shapes, offering a blend of support and comfort.
However, it tends to retain more heat than latex or coil options and may exhibit less durability over time. Polyfoam is often used in mattresses for its cost-effectiveness and lightweight properties.
Thick Wool Mats
Wool mats offer a unique, natural alternative for a mattress support layer. Wool is known for its durability, natural temperature regulation, and moisture-wicking properties. It provides a firm, supportive base with minimal bounce, making it less ideal for those who prefer a springy feel. However, its natural ability to limit motion transfer and regulate temperature makes it a cozy option for many.
Advanced Support Layer Considerations
Once you’ve narrowed down your support layer category: coils, foam, or fiber – you’re ready to fine-tune your build with some expert considerations.
These advanced tips help you avoid common pitfalls and extract every ounce of comfort and longevity from your DIY mattress.
Edge Support: The Unsung Hero
If you’ve ever sat on the edge of a mattress and felt like you were sliding off, you know why this matters.
Edge support improves:
- Stability when sitting or getting in/out of bed
- Usable surface area (especially for couples)
- Perceived quality—a mattress that sags at the edge feels flimsy
How to Get Good Edge Support:
- Choose coil units with reinforced perimeters
- Add firm foam rails around your support core (some DIYers DIY a “frame” inside their cover)
- Avoid very soft fiber-only bases if edge support is a priority
Optimal Thickness & Mattress Height Planning
Support layers do best when they’re thick enough to do their job, but not so thick that they overpower the build.
General Thickness Guidelines:
Pocketed coils: 6–8″ is standard (some go up to 10″)
Firm polyfoam or latex: 5–6″ for most sleepers; up to 8″ for heavier individuals
Fiber mats (like wool): 4–6″ depending on density, but may compress over time
Pro Tip: For most builds, shoot for 10–12 inches total mattress height. This gives you enough room for a robust support layer + comfort layers, and fits most sheets and zippered covers.
Zoned Support Layers: What They Are & Who They Help
Zoning means the support layer has different firmness levels in different areas; softer under the shoulders and firmer under the hips, etc.
- Great for side sleepers who need extra give in the shoulders
- Helps with spinal alignment and can reduce pressure points
- Most common in coil units , but also available in some latex foam
Not everyone needs zoning. If you’re a back or stomach sleeper or if your body weight is evenly distributed, standard non-zoned layers may feel just right.
Load Distribution & Weight Considerations
Support layers aren’t one-size-fits-all. Heavier sleepers or those sharing a bed require a bit more strategy.
For Heavier Bodies or Couples:
- Choose firm or extra-firm coils or latex
- Stack two layers of firm foam for better distribution
- Consider denser materials (e.g., Dunlop latex over polyfoam)
- Go thicker overall to avoid bottoming out
Pro Tip: Comfort layers will last longer and feel better when supported by a firm, unyielding base. That’s true for all bodies—but especially true for heavier ones.
Sustainability, Off-Gassing & Longevity
If you care about what’s inside your mattress and how long it sticks around after you’re done with it, this section’s for you.
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|
Support Type
|
Avg Lifespan
|
Sustainability
|
Off-Gassing |
End-of-Life |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Pocketed Coils |
10+ years |
Mixed (steel + fabric) |
No |
Partially Recyclable |
|
Firm Polyfoam |
5-8 years |
Low (petroleum-based) |
Yes |
Landfill only |
|
Latex Foam |
10-15 years |
High (natural rubber) |
Minimal (if natural) |
Biodegradable |
|
Wool or Fiber Mats |
8-12 years |
High (renewable/natural) |
No |
Biodegradable |
Pro Tip: If sustainability is a priority, natural latex or wool bases offer the cleanest conscience and longest usable life.
➡️ These are the kinds of decisions that separate an okay DIY mattress from a jaw-droppingly good one. Now that you know how to think like a builder, it’s time to bring everything together – literally.
Assembly & Compatibility Tips
Once you’ve chosen your support layer (and likely have comfort layers and a zippered cover in mind), it’s time to assemble the stack. This step may seem simple. Just layer things, zip them up, and go to bed, right?
Not quite.
There are a few important details that can make or break how your mattress feels and performs over time. Let’s walk through the essential assembly tips to make sure your DIY mattress is exactly what you want it to be.
Stacking Your Layers Properly
The order matters. Here’s the general rule:
Support layer → Transition layer (optional) → Comfort layer(s) → Cover
Examples:
- Basic build: 8″ pocketed coils + 3″ soft latex = classic hybrid feel
- All-foam build: 6″ firm latex + 2″ medium latex + 1″ wool topper = contouring + bounce
- Natural build: 5″ wool mat + 2″ latex topper = breathable, chemical-free simplicity
Pro Tip: Always test your layers without the cover first. Stack them, lie down, move around, and see how it feels. Comfort preferences are personal and surprising.
Yes, You Can Stack Support Layers
Layering isn’t just for comfort. You can stack two support layers to tweak the feel or improve durability.
Why stack support layers?
- To add extra firmness or bounce
- To create a custom feel (e.g., firm foam under coils)
- To fine-tune height for your cover or bed frame
- To distribute load more evenly for heavier sleepers
Just make sure the firmest, most stable layer goes on the bottom.
Orientation Matters: Which Side Is Up?
Some components, especially coil units and zoned latex, have a right side up.
Placing them upside down can totally change how your mattress feels.
Check for:
- Manufacturer labeling (e.g., “top,” “head,” “foot”)
- Zoning (firmer coils in the middle = lumbar zone = should align with hips)
- Reinforced edge coils (may be only on the top perimeter)
If you’re unsure, reach out to the manufacturer or retailer before zipping things into your cover.
Bed Base Compatibility: Don’t Skip This!
Your support layer needs a solid foundation, literally. The wrong bed base can cause:
Pro Tip: Fiber mats like wool or cotton should never be placed directly on a solid surface long-term without airflow. They absolutely need to breathe.
(Swipe ➡️ to see entire table.)
|
Base Type
|
Notes
|
Works With
|
|---|---|---|
|
Slatted platform bed |
Coils, foam, latex, fiber |
Slats should be no more than 3″ apart. Add a bunkie board if wider. |
|
Solid platform |
All types |
Great support, but make sure there’s enough ventilation (cutouts or a breathable build). |
|
Adjustable base |
Foam, latex, and some flexible coils |
Only use coil units labeled as adjustable-compatible. |
|
Box Spring |
Not recommended |
Too much flex. Can destabilize foam or latex layers. |
|
The floor |
Foam, latex, coils (in a pinch) |
Ok short term. However, no airflow = risk of moisture accumulation. |
Final Thoughts: How to Choose the Right Support Layer for You
By now, you know that the support layer is the unsung hero of your DIY mattress. It’s not the flashy, cloud-like top layer. It’s the quiet, crucial structure that holds everything and everyone up night after night.
But choosing the right support layer? That’s the part that transforms your DIY mattress from “pretty good” to “how is this better than my old $3,000 bed?”
Here’s how to get there.
If you are someone who changes sleep positions a fair bit, or has an active sex life, you may want to seriously consider pocketed coils and/or latex, as ‘responsive’ components make for much easier ease of movement.
Back Sleepers
Most support types work; aim for even firmness and solid alignment.
Belly Sleepers
Need a firm, non-compressible base. Pocketed coils, firm polyfoam, or firm latex shine here.
Side Sleepers
Zoned coils or zoned latex support layers can help align hips while reducing pressure under shoulders.
Combo Sleepers
Look for responsive support (coils or latex) for ease of movement as you change positions.
Know Your Body’s Needs
Support layers respond differently depending on your weight and build.
Pro Tip: Heavier sleepers get more out of latex and reinforced coil units. These materials last longer under load and provide better long-term alignment. That’s not to say you can’t use polyfoams, just be aware you’ll likely be replacing them sooner and more frequently.
Think About the Mattress You Want
(What kind of feel are you going for overall?)
(Swipe ➡️ to see entire table.)
|
Goal
|
Start With This Support Layer |
|---|---|
|
Classic hybrid bounce + pressure relief |
Pocketed coils + soft latex/topper |
|
Firm, natural, low-profile |
Dunlop latex or wool base + soft topper |
|
All-natural and breathable |
Wool or cotton fiber mat + natural latex topper |
|
Quiet, motionless feel |
Firm polyfoam or latex base |
|
Adjustable base compatibility |
Latex or foam, or coil units rated as flexible |
Related Resources & Next Steps
By now, you know more about mattress support layers than most mattress salespeople. No, seriously.
Whether you’re still weighing your options or ready to start building, here’s how to take your next steps with clarity and confidence.
Choosing the Right Zippered Cover for Your DIY Mattress (coming soon)
Finding the perfect zippered cover is fairly simple once you know how to understand what your options are.
Pocketed Coils
Pocketed coils can go by a number of names: Individually wrapped coils, pocket coils, individually wrapped coils innerspring system, etc.
Latex Foam
Polyurethane Foam (aka polyfoam)
It’s really the eternal question, isn’t it?
For the support layer (or layers) of your DIY build, a pocket coil system or some kind of firm foam is the choice you’re faced with. And within those 2 options, there are some factors to consider.
Price, quality, and comfort to begin with. Let’s talk about coils to start. The general rule is that the more coils in a pocketed coil system, the more responsive and motion controlled the mattress will be, while still providing support. This directly translates to more comfort. For those of us building our own, there are only a few pocketed coil systems to choose from. The good news is that the coils available are made by one of the premier coil makers, globally.
Pocket Spring
Pocket springs are individually wrapped coil systems that are stitched into mattresses below a comfort layer of foam or other material. Unlike traditional innerspring systems that are interconnected, pocket springs are entirely independent allowing for added contour and pressure point relief than older innerspring models.
The general rule on pocket coil systems is the more coils, the more responsive and motion controlled the mattress is, while still providing support. This directly translates to more comfort.
In most pocket spring beds, there is a layer of memory foam or latex foam above the pocket spring array so that the sleeper gets both the benefits of contouring foam and the comfort of the pocket springs.
High Density Foam
High density foam is a very firm foam that generally makes up the bottom layer of popular memory foam mattresses. Other types of mattresses such as innerspring or hybrid may also use high density foam to support the spring systems.
High density foams generally are not used to create the entire mattress because they are just too firm. So, generally they are used as a foundation for the bed or to provide edge support.
High density foam is made of a blend of polyurethane and has a tendency to off-gas. If you are susceptible to lung issues, please do additional research on the quality of foams before purchasing.
Pros: Structural firm foam used by many mattresses to provide foundation and shape.
Cons: Off-gassing problems with lower quality foams and it is too firm to make a mattress in its entirety.
Latex Foam
1. Pocketed Coil Units: The DIY Hybrid Hero
Pocketed coils (sometimes called “encased coils” or “individually wrapped coils”) are a top-tier support option and a favorite among DIYers looking to create a hybrid mattress.
They offer:
Targeted support
(thanks to the individual coils moving independently)
Better airflow
than solid foam bases
That classic “springy” mattress feel
(without the squeak)
- Targeted support (thanks to the individual coils moving independently)
- Better airflow than solid foam bases
- That classic “springy” mattress feel (without the squeak)
Two great options we love are Leggett & Platt and Texas Pocket Springs, and we’ve broken down their differences in this article.
But for now, just know: if you want bounce, breathability, and solid edge support, pocketed coils are a winner.
DIY Tip: Coil units often come with reinforced perimeters or “zoned” sections (firmer coils in the lumbar zone, for example). Pay attention to those design features when picking your base!
Pocketed Coils
Pocketed coils can go by a number of names: Individually wrapped coils, pocket coils, individually wrapped coils innerspring system, etc.
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Lorem(without the squeak)
